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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a wealthy female and male, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for the colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of the queen swells up dramatically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen starts producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of the year, and enormous swarms emerge from the colony when nuptial flight begins.
Termites are often compared with the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in significant differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are entirely female. Men (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both employees and the queen) are diploid and develop from fertilised eggs.
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Depending on species, male and female workers may have different roles in a termite colony.63.
The life cycle of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult stages.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and go through a series of moults as they develop.
The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time frame depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, employees must feed them, but workers also take part in the social life of their colony and also have certain different activities to achieve like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones govern the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of those termites from becoming fertile queens.68.
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Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are effective at a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower degree of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The lower levels of harm seem to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.
Termite alates only depart the colony when a nuptial flight occurs. Alate males and females pair up together and more info here then land in search of a suitable place for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a spot. When they do, they excavate a room big enough for both, shut up the entrance and proceed to mate.70 After mating, the pair never go outdoors and spend the remainder of their lives in the nest.
By way of example, alates in certain species appear during the day in summer while others emerge during the winter.71 The nuptial flight may also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around regions with lots of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, moisture, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also fluctuates, with the larger species normally having 1001,000 individuals.
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The click site queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 per day when the colony is a few years old.53 At maturity, a primary queen has a great capacity to lay eggs. In certain species, the adult queen has a greatly distended abdomen and might create 40,000 eggs per day.72 The two mature ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several times more than before mating and reduces her ability to move freely; attendant employees offer assistance. .
